If hypoventilation is left uncorrected, hypoxemia rapidly develops. Hypoventilation-Hypoventilation leads to hypoxemia by reducing fresh O 2-rich gas from entering the alveolar space, resulting in the accumulation of CO 2. Pneumonia and bronchospasm can also cause V/Q mismatch in the perioperative setting. Atelectasis commonly occurs in the postoperative period during anesthetic recovery as a result of inadequate tidal volumes. Closing capacity (CC) is the lung volume at which small airways without cartilaginous support close. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction improves V/Q matching by reducing shunt as poorly oxygenated areas of the lung vasoconstrict, diverting blood to more oxygenated regions.įunctional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume remaining in the lung after normal exhalation. Shunt is perfusion without ventilation, as seen with pneumothorax. Dead space is ventilation without perfusion, as seen with pulmonary embolism. V/Q mismatch-The most common etiology for hypoxemia is V/Q mismatch.
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